The year 2024 was ranked the 1st warmest on record. The mean value for 2024 was 0.67°C relative to the 1991-2020 average (0.63-0.72°C depending on the data set used). 6 data sets were used in this assessment: Berkeley Earth, ERA5, GISTEMP, HadCRUT5, JRA-3Q, and NOAAGlobalTemp v6. Relative to a 1961-1990 baseline, the mean value for 2024 was 1.19°C (1.16-1.24°C depending on the data set used). 6 data sets were used in the assessment relative to 1961-1990.
Paragraph updated: 2025-01-28 11:38
The year 2024 was ranked between the 1st and 2nd highest on record. The mean value for 2024 was 0.86°C relative to the 1991-2020 average (0.60-1.05°C depending on the data set used). 6 data sets were used in this assessment: Berkeley Earth, ERA5, GISTEMP, HadCRUT5, JRA-3Q, and NOAAGlobalTemp v6. Relative to a 1961-1990 baseline, the mean value for 2024 was 1.53°C (1.35-1.63°C depending on the data set used). 5 data sets were used in the assessment relative to 1961-1990.
Paragraph updated: 2025-01-28 11:38
The year 2024 was ranked between the 1st and 2nd highest on record. The mean value for 2024 was 1.04°C relative to the 1991-2020 average (0.93-1.08°C depending on the data set used). 6 data sets were used in this assessment: Berkeley Earth, ERA5, GISTEMP, HadCRUT5, JRA-3Q, and NOAAGlobalTemp v6. Relative to a 1961-1990 baseline, the mean value for 2024 was 2.00°C (1.90-2.09°C depending on the data set used). 5 data sets were used in the assessment relative to 1961-1990.
Paragraph updated: 2025-01-28 11:38
The year 2024 was ranked between the 1st and 2nd highest on record. The mean value for 2024 was 0.87°C relative to the 1991-2020 average (0.72-0.99°C depending on the data set used). 6 data sets were used in this assessment: Berkeley Earth, ERA5, GISTEMP, HadCRUT5, JRA-3Q, and NOAAGlobalTemp v6. Relative to a 1961-1990 baseline, the mean value for 2024 was 1.43°C (1.21-1.60°C depending on the data set used). 5 data sets were used in the assessment relative to 1961-1990.
Paragraph updated: 2025-01-28 11:38
The year 2024 was ranked the 1st highest on record. The mean value for 2024 was 1.47°C relative to the 1991-2020 average (1.37-1.59°C depending on the data set used). 6 data sets were used in this assessment: Berkeley Earth, ERA5, GISTEMP, HadCRUT5, JRA-3Q, and NOAAGlobalTemp v6. Relative to a 1961-1990 baseline, the mean value for 2024 was 2.34°C (2.22-2.50°C depending on the data set used). 5 data sets were used in the assessment relative to 1961-1990.
Paragraph updated: 2025-01-28 11:38
The year 2024 was ranked between the 1st and 2nd highest on record. The mean value for 2024 was 0.69°C relative to the 1991-2020 average (0.56-0.75°C depending on the data set used). 6 data sets were used in this assessment: Berkeley Earth, ERA5, GISTEMP, HadCRUT5, JRA-3Q, and NOAAGlobalTemp v6. Relative to a 1961-1990 baseline, the mean value for 2024 was 1.14°C (0.88-1.27°C depending on the data set used). 5 data sets were used in the assessment relative to 1961-1990.
Paragraph updated: 2025-01-28 11:38
The year 2024 was ranked the 1st highest on record. The mean value for 2024 was 1.26°C relative to the 1991-2020 average (1.14-1.37°C depending on the data set used). 6 data sets were used in this assessment: Berkeley Earth, ERA5, GISTEMP, HadCRUT5, JRA-3Q, and NOAAGlobalTemp v6. Relative to a 1961-1990 baseline, the mean value for 2024 was 2.32°C (2.18-2.45°C depending on the data set used). 5 data sets were used in the assessment relative to 1961-1990.
Paragraph updated: 2025-01-28 11:38
The data in the above plot are available in a zip file containing a csv file for each data set.
Data file: WMO_RA_I_Africa_main_data_files.zip
Checksum: 3bbd439b6b7c9c6b9e15caefd954db55
Format: BADC CSV format
Original data file (external link)
Citation:
To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:
Original data file (external link)
Citation:
Data citation: Hersbach, H., Bell, B., Berrisford, P., Biavati, G., Horányi, A., Muñoz Sabater, J., Nicolas, J., Peubey, C., Radu, R., Rozum, I., Schepers, D., Simmons, A., Soci, C., Dee, D., Thépaut, J-N. (2023): ERA5 monthly averaged data on single levels from 1940 to present. Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) Climate Data Store (CDS), DOI: 10.24381/cds.f17050d7 (Accessed on 2025-01-17 12:20:53)
Acknowledgement: Contains using Copernicus Climate Change Service information [2025]. Neither the European Commission nor ECMWF is responsible for any use that may be made of the Copernicus information or data it contains.
To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:
Original data file (external link)
Citation:
Data citation: GISTEMP Team, 2022: GISS Surface Temperature Analysis (GISTEMP), version 4. NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies. Dataset accessed 2025-01-13 12:31:56 at data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/.
To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:
Original data file (external link)
Citation:
Acknowledgement: HadCRUT.5.0.2.0 data were obtained from http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcrut5 on 2025-01-13 12:31:57 and are © British Crown Copyright, Met Office 2025, provided under an Open Government License, http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/
To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:
Original data file (external link)
Citation:
Data citation: Japan Meteorological Agency. 2023, updated monthly. Japanese Reanalysis for Three Quarters of a Century (JRA-3Q). Research Data Archive at the National Center for Atmospheric Research, Computational and Information Systems Laboratory. https://doi.org/10.5065/AVTZ-1H78. Accessed 2025-01-13 12:57:43.
To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:
Original data file (external link)
Citation:
Data citation: Huang, Boyin; Yin, Xungang; Menne, Matthew J.; Vose, Russell S.; and Zhang, Huai-Min. 2024. NOAA Global Surface Temperature Dataset (NOAAGlobalTemp), Version 6.0.. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. https://doi.org/10.25921/rzxg-p717. Accessed 2025-01-17 10:52:14.
To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:
The data in the above plot are available in a zip file containing a csv file for each data set.
Data file: WMO_RA_II_Asia_main_data_files.zip
Checksum: 22eb8737cc0e243fde5ecb6e721dbd06
Format: BADC CSV format
Original data file (external link)
Citation:
To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:
Original data file (external link)
Citation:
Data citation: Hersbach, H., Bell, B., Berrisford, P., Biavati, G., Horányi, A., Muñoz Sabater, J., Nicolas, J., Peubey, C., Radu, R., Rozum, I., Schepers, D., Simmons, A., Soci, C., Dee, D., Thépaut, J-N. (2023): ERA5 monthly averaged data on single levels from 1940 to present. Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) Climate Data Store (CDS), DOI: 10.24381/cds.f17050d7 (Accessed on 2025-01-17 12:20:54)
Acknowledgement: Contains using Copernicus Climate Change Service information [2025]. Neither the European Commission nor ECMWF is responsible for any use that may be made of the Copernicus information or data it contains.
To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:
Original data file (external link)
Citation:
Data citation: GISTEMP Team, 2022: GISS Surface Temperature Analysis (GISTEMP), version 4. NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies. Dataset accessed 2025-01-13 12:31:56 at data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/.
To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:
Original data file (external link)
Citation:
Acknowledgement: HadCRUT.5.0.2.0 data were obtained from http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcrut5 on 2025-01-13 12:31:57 and are © British Crown Copyright, Met Office 2025, provided under an Open Government License, http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/
To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:
Original data file (external link)
Citation:
Data citation: Japan Meteorological Agency. 2023, updated monthly. Japanese Reanalysis for Three Quarters of a Century (JRA-3Q). Research Data Archive at the National Center for Atmospheric Research, Computational and Information Systems Laboratory. https://doi.org/10.5065/AVTZ-1H78. Accessed 2025-01-13 12:57:43.
To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:
Original data file (external link)
Citation:
Data citation: Huang, Boyin; Yin, Xungang; Menne, Matthew J.; Vose, Russell S.; and Zhang, Huai-Min. 2024. NOAA Global Surface Temperature Dataset (NOAAGlobalTemp), Version 6.0.. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. https://doi.org/10.25921/rzxg-p717. Accessed 2025-01-17 10:52:14.
To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:
The data in the above plot are available in a zip file containing a csv file for each data set.
Data file: WMO_RA_III_South_America_main_data_files.zip
Checksum: 832813ffa372fc802c64a8ae0ee6065e
Format: BADC CSV format
Original data file (external link)
Citation:
To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:
Original data file (external link)
Citation:
Data citation: Hersbach, H., Bell, B., Berrisford, P., Biavati, G., Horányi, A., Muñoz Sabater, J., Nicolas, J., Peubey, C., Radu, R., Rozum, I., Schepers, D., Simmons, A., Soci, C., Dee, D., Thépaut, J-N. (2023): ERA5 monthly averaged data on single levels from 1940 to present. Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) Climate Data Store (CDS), DOI: 10.24381/cds.f17050d7 (Accessed on 2025-01-17 12:20:55)
Acknowledgement: Contains using Copernicus Climate Change Service information [2025]. Neither the European Commission nor ECMWF is responsible for any use that may be made of the Copernicus information or data it contains.
To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:
Original data file (external link)
Citation:
Data citation: GISTEMP Team, 2022: GISS Surface Temperature Analysis (GISTEMP), version 4. NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies. Dataset accessed 2025-01-13 12:31:56 at data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/.
To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:
Original data file (external link)
Citation:
Acknowledgement: HadCRUT.5.0.2.0 data were obtained from http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcrut5 on 2025-01-13 12:31:57 and are © British Crown Copyright, Met Office 2025, provided under an Open Government License, http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/
To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:
Original data file (external link)
Citation:
Data citation: Japan Meteorological Agency. 2023, updated monthly. Japanese Reanalysis for Three Quarters of a Century (JRA-3Q). Research Data Archive at the National Center for Atmospheric Research, Computational and Information Systems Laboratory. https://doi.org/10.5065/AVTZ-1H78. Accessed 2025-01-13 12:57:43.
To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:
Original data file (external link)
Citation:
Data citation: Huang, Boyin; Yin, Xungang; Menne, Matthew J.; Vose, Russell S.; and Zhang, Huai-Min. 2024. NOAA Global Surface Temperature Dataset (NOAAGlobalTemp), Version 6.0.. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. https://doi.org/10.25921/rzxg-p717. Accessed 2025-01-17 10:52:14.
To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:
The data in the above plot are available in a zip file containing a csv file for each data set.
Data file: WMO_RA_IV_North_America_main_data_files.zip
Checksum: 25fb5ef996d3d613b99343dcf7433ab8
Format: BADC CSV format
Original data file (external link)
Citation:
To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:
Original data file (external link)
Citation:
Data citation: Hersbach, H., Bell, B., Berrisford, P., Biavati, G., Horányi, A., Muñoz Sabater, J., Nicolas, J., Peubey, C., Radu, R., Rozum, I., Schepers, D., Simmons, A., Soci, C., Dee, D., Thépaut, J-N. (2023): ERA5 monthly averaged data on single levels from 1940 to present. Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) Climate Data Store (CDS), DOI: 10.24381/cds.f17050d7 (Accessed on 2025-01-17 12:20:56)
Acknowledgement: Contains using Copernicus Climate Change Service information [2025]. Neither the European Commission nor ECMWF is responsible for any use that may be made of the Copernicus information or data it contains.
To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:
Original data file (external link)
Citation:
Data citation: GISTEMP Team, 2022: GISS Surface Temperature Analysis (GISTEMP), version 4. NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies. Dataset accessed 2025-01-13 12:31:56 at data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/.
To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:
Original data file (external link)
Citation:
Acknowledgement: HadCRUT.5.0.2.0 data were obtained from http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcrut5 on 2025-01-13 12:31:57 and are © British Crown Copyright, Met Office 2025, provided under an Open Government License, http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/
To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:
Original data file (external link)
Citation:
Data citation: Japan Meteorological Agency. 2023, updated monthly. Japanese Reanalysis for Three Quarters of a Century (JRA-3Q). Research Data Archive at the National Center for Atmospheric Research, Computational and Information Systems Laboratory. https://doi.org/10.5065/AVTZ-1H78. Accessed 2025-01-13 12:57:43.
To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:
Original data file (external link)
Citation:
Data citation: Huang, Boyin; Yin, Xungang; Menne, Matthew J.; Vose, Russell S.; and Zhang, Huai-Min. 2024. NOAA Global Surface Temperature Dataset (NOAAGlobalTemp), Version 6.0.. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. https://doi.org/10.25921/rzxg-p717. Accessed 2025-01-17 10:52:14.
To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:
The data in the above plot are available in a zip file containing a csv file for each data set.
Data file: WMO_RA_V_Southwest_Pacific_main_data_files.zip
Checksum: e12b3336e327ada0919b2c5438ff857f
Format: BADC CSV format
Original data file (external link)
Citation:
To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:
Original data file (external link)
Citation:
Data citation: Hersbach, H., Bell, B., Berrisford, P., Biavati, G., Horányi, A., Muñoz Sabater, J., Nicolas, J., Peubey, C., Radu, R., Rozum, I., Schepers, D., Simmons, A., Soci, C., Dee, D., Thépaut, J-N. (2023): ERA5 monthly averaged data on single levels from 1940 to present. Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) Climate Data Store (CDS), DOI: 10.24381/cds.f17050d7 (Accessed on 2025-01-17 12:20:57)
Acknowledgement: Contains using Copernicus Climate Change Service information [2025]. Neither the European Commission nor ECMWF is responsible for any use that may be made of the Copernicus information or data it contains.
To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:
Original data file (external link)
Citation:
Data citation: GISTEMP Team, 2022: GISS Surface Temperature Analysis (GISTEMP), version 4. NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies. Dataset accessed 2025-01-13 12:31:56 at data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/.
To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:
Original data file (external link)
Citation:
Acknowledgement: HadCRUT.5.0.2.0 data were obtained from http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcrut5 on 2025-01-13 12:31:57 and are © British Crown Copyright, Met Office 2025, provided under an Open Government License, http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/
To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:
Original data file (external link)
Citation:
Data citation: Japan Meteorological Agency. 2023, updated monthly. Japanese Reanalysis for Three Quarters of a Century (JRA-3Q). Research Data Archive at the National Center for Atmospheric Research, Computational and Information Systems Laboratory. https://doi.org/10.5065/AVTZ-1H78. Accessed 2025-01-13 12:57:43.
To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:
Original data file (external link)
Citation:
Data citation: Huang, Boyin; Yin, Xungang; Menne, Matthew J.; Vose, Russell S.; and Zhang, Huai-Min. 2024. NOAA Global Surface Temperature Dataset (NOAAGlobalTemp), Version 6.0.. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. https://doi.org/10.25921/rzxg-p717. Accessed 2025-01-17 10:52:14.
To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:
The data in the above plot are available in a zip file containing a csv file for each data set.
Data file: WMO_RA_VI_Europe_main_data_files.zip
Checksum: 2bdf36c4bf450f095e587914c5ac5226
Format: BADC CSV format
Original data file (external link)
Citation:
To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:
Original data file (external link)
Citation:
Data citation: Hersbach, H., Bell, B., Berrisford, P., Biavati, G., Horányi, A., Muñoz Sabater, J., Nicolas, J., Peubey, C., Radu, R., Rozum, I., Schepers, D., Simmons, A., Soci, C., Dee, D., Thépaut, J-N. (2023): ERA5 monthly averaged data on single levels from 1940 to present. Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) Climate Data Store (CDS), DOI: 10.24381/cds.f17050d7 (Accessed on 2025-01-17 12:20:58)
Acknowledgement: Contains using Copernicus Climate Change Service information [2025]. Neither the European Commission nor ECMWF is responsible for any use that may be made of the Copernicus information or data it contains.
To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:
Original data file (external link)
Citation:
Data citation: GISTEMP Team, 2022: GISS Surface Temperature Analysis (GISTEMP), version 4. NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies. Dataset accessed 2025-01-13 12:31:56 at data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/.
To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:
Original data file (external link)
Citation:
Acknowledgement: HadCRUT.5.0.2.0 data were obtained from http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcrut5 on 2025-01-13 12:31:57 and are © British Crown Copyright, Met Office 2025, provided under an Open Government License, http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/
To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:
Original data file (external link)
Citation:
Data citation: Japan Meteorological Agency. 2023, updated monthly. Japanese Reanalysis for Three Quarters of a Century (JRA-3Q). Research Data Archive at the National Center for Atmospheric Research, Computational and Information Systems Laboratory. https://doi.org/10.5065/AVTZ-1H78. Accessed 2025-01-13 12:57:43.
To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:
Original data file (external link)
Citation:
Data citation: Huang, Boyin; Yin, Xungang; Menne, Matthew J.; Vose, Russell S.; and Zhang, Huai-Min. 2024. NOAA Global Surface Temperature Dataset (NOAAGlobalTemp), Version 6.0.. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. https://doi.org/10.25921/rzxg-p717. Accessed 2025-01-17 10:52:14.
To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:
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