Short Term Climate Drivers
Introduction
Climate modes are recurrent patterns, usually of pressure or sea-surface temperature (SST), typically characterized by negative and positive phases, which each have distinctive effects on the distribution of rainfall, temperature and other meteorological elements on time scales varying from days to seasons and beyond.
Key messages
Dataset and processing details
Nino 3.4
The data in the above plot are available in a zip file containing a csv file for each data set.
Data file: Nino_3.4_data_files.zip
Checksum: e6b73703e35473424dfa7dd07ca39f6a
Format: BADC CSV format
ERSSTv5
Original data file (external link)
To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:
- Data set created from file ['nina34.data'] downloaded from ['https://psl.noaa.gov/data/correlation/nina34.data'] at ['2026-01-14 14:46:37']
- Rebaselined to 1991-2020 for each month separately by calculating the arithmetic mean of the data over the baseline period and subtracting the mean from all data values. This is done for each month separately (Januarys, Februarys etc).
- Selected years within the range 1950 to 2025.
Southern Oscillation Index
The data in the above plot are available in a zip file containing a csv file for each data set.
Data file: Southern_Oscillation_Index_data_files.zip
Checksum: 72b897301eb2548c353b3c0f8d4b6557
Format: BADC CSV format
CPC SOI
Original data file (external link)
To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:
- Data set created from file ['soi.data'] downloaded from ['https://psl.noaa.gov/data/correlation/soi.data'] at ['2026-01-14 14:46:37']
- Selected years within the range 1950 to 2025.
Pacific Decadal Oscillation
The data in the above plot are available in a zip file containing a csv file for each data set.
Data file: Pacific_Decadal_Oscillation_data_files.zip
Checksum: ce60aaab9a769d44d4258271452f81c0
Format: BADC CSV format
NOAA CPC
Original data file (external link)
Citation:
To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:
- Data set created from file ['ersst.v5.pdo.dat'] downloaded from ['https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/cmb/ersst/v5/index/ersst.v5.pdo.dat'] at ['2026-01-14 14:46:33']
- Calculated lowess smoothed series with 0.029069767441860465 of data used for each fit
- Selected years within the range 1950 to 2025.
Indian Ocean Dipole
The data in the above plot are available in a zip file containing a csv file for each data set.
Data file: Indian_Ocean_Dipole_data_files.zip
Checksum: e2fa750a6b838ace3ebe249af60b035b
Format: BADC CSV format
NOAA OSMC
Original data file (external link)
To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:
- Data set created from file ['dmi.nc'] downloaded from ['https://stateoftheocean.osmc.noaa.gov/sur/data/dmi.nc'] at ['2026-01-14 14:46:36']
- Calculated monthly average from values using arithmetic mean of all dates that fall within each month
- Selected years within the range 1980 to 2025.
North Atlantic Oscillation
The data in the above plot are available in a zip file containing a csv file for each data set.
Data file: North_Atlantic_Oscillation_data_files.zip
Checksum: 70548c4d53fb75c26437aadb1d8c1421
Format: BADC CSV format
NOAA CPC
Original data file (external link)
Citation:
To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:
- Data set created from file ['norm.nao.monthly.b5001.current.ascii.table'] downloaded from ['https://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/precip/CWlink/pna/norm.nao.monthly.b5001.current.ascii.table'] at ['2026-01-14 14:46:32']
- Selected years within the range 2010 to 2025.
Arctic Oscillation
The data in the above plot are available in a zip file containing a csv file for each data set.
Data file: Arctic_Oscillation_data_files.zip
Checksum: d9a1c71acd82d59b3e3143487f1f3097
Format: BADC CSV format
NOAA CPC
Original data file (external link)
Citation:
To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:
- Data set created from file ['monthly.ao.index.b50.current.ascii.table'] downloaded from ['https://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/precip/CWlink/daily_ao_index/monthly.ao.index.b50.current.ascii.table'] at ['2026-01-14 14:46:31']
- Selected years within the range 2010 to 2025.
Antarctic Oscillation
The data in the above plot are available in a zip file containing a csv file for each data set.
Data file: Antarctic_Oscillation_data_files.zip
Checksum: d463b4f61370df95e972cca248e832c7
Format: BADC CSV format
NOAA CPC
Original data file (external link)
Citation:
To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:
- Data set created from file ['monthly.aao.index.b79.current.ascii.table'] downloaded from ['https://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/precip/CWlink/daily_ao_index/aao/monthly.aao.index.b79.current.ascii.table'] at ['2026-01-14 14:46:31']
- Selected years within the range 2010 to 2025.
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