Short Term Climate Drivers
Introduction
Climate modes are recurrent patterns, usually of pressure or sea-surface temperature (SST), typically characterized by negative and positive phases, which each have distinctive effects on the distribution of rainfall, temperature and other meteorological elements on time scales varying from days to seasons and beyond.
Key messages
Dataset and processing details
Nino 3.4
The data in the above plot are available in a zip file containing a csv file for each data set.
Data file: Nino_3.4_data_files.zip
Checksum: 4c39852778605674b37b164f881fd301
Format: BADC CSV format
ERSSTv5
Original data file (external link)
To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:
- Data set created from file ['nina34.data'] downloaded from ['https://psl.noaa.gov/data/correlation/nina34.data'] at ['2025-12-15 11:27:27']
- Rebaselined to 1991-2020 for each month separately by calculating the arithmetic mean of the data over the baseline period and subtracting the mean from all data values. This is done for each month separately (Januarys, Februarys etc).
- Selected years within the range 1950 to 2025.
Southern Oscillation Index
The data in the above plot are available in a zip file containing a csv file for each data set.
Data file: Southern_Oscillation_Index_data_files.zip
Checksum: fe8a9acc02ea90c7b1cc78cd411e33f3
Format: BADC CSV format
CPC SOI
Original data file (external link)
To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:
- Data set created from file ['soi.data'] downloaded from ['https://psl.noaa.gov/data/correlation/soi.data'] at ['2025-12-15 11:27:28']
- Selected years within the range 1950 to 2025.
Pacific Decadal Oscillation
The data in the above plot are available in a zip file containing a csv file for each data set.
Data file: Pacific_Decadal_Oscillation_data_files.zip
Checksum: 82021b8aa7b70f538ee4843d040cb0b4
Format: BADC CSV format
NOAA CPC
Original data file (external link)
Citation:
To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:
- Data set created from file ['ersst.v5.pdo.dat'] downloaded from ['https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/cmb/ersst/v5/index/ersst.v5.pdo.dat'] at ['2025-12-15 11:27:24']
- Calculated lowess smoothed series with 0.029083858458555503 of data used for each fit
- Selected years within the range 1950 to 2025.
Indian Ocean Dipole
The data in the above plot are available in a zip file containing a csv file for each data set.
Data file: Indian_Ocean_Dipole_data_files.zip
Checksum: 0572b46ca1e954cb741bf3a4de100e1a
Format: BADC CSV format
NOAA OSMC
Original data file (external link)
To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:
- Data set created from file ['dmi.nc'] downloaded from ['https://stateoftheocean.osmc.noaa.gov/sur/data/dmi.nc'] at ['2025-12-15 11:27:26']
- Calculated monthly average from values using arithmetic mean of all dates that fall within each month
- Selected years within the range 1980 to 2025.
North Atlantic Oscillation
The data in the above plot are available in a zip file containing a csv file for each data set.
Data file: North_Atlantic_Oscillation_data_files.zip
Checksum: f8d26a3d93487e6fdbb3b61ba230e9da
Format: BADC CSV format
NOAA CPC
Original data file (external link)
Citation:
To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:
- Data set created from file ['norm.nao.monthly.b5001.current.ascii.table'] downloaded from ['https://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/precip/CWlink/pna/norm.nao.monthly.b5001.current.ascii.table'] at ['2025-12-15 11:27:23']
- Selected years within the range 2010 to 2025.
Arctic Oscillation
The data in the above plot are available in a zip file containing a csv file for each data set.
Data file: Arctic_Oscillation_data_files.zip
Checksum: 376f0619e712f6d158038a231f76617c
Format: BADC CSV format
NOAA CPC
Original data file (external link)
Citation:
To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:
- Data set created from file ['monthly.ao.index.b50.current.ascii.table'] downloaded from ['https://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/precip/CWlink/daily_ao_index/monthly.ao.index.b50.current.ascii.table'] at ['2025-12-15 11:27:23']
- Selected years within the range 2010 to 2025.
Antarctic Oscillation
The data in the above plot are available in a zip file containing a csv file for each data set.
Data file: Antarctic_Oscillation_data_files.zip
Checksum: 0f6f15a2255ecb33602aa4b810c8b801
Format: BADC CSV format
NOAA CPC
Original data file (external link)
Citation:
To produce the plot, the following processing steps were performed:
- Data set created from file ['monthly.aao.index.b79.current.ascii.table'] downloaded from ['https://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/precip/CWlink/daily_ao_index/aao/monthly.aao.index.b79.current.ascii.table'] at ['2025-12-15 11:27:23']
- Selected years within the range 2010 to 2025.
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